Wednesday, September 11, 2024

Repetitiousness of Exercise Frequencies – Bob Hise III (1994)

 International Olympic Lifter – January 1994     

Greg here; If anyone happens to have a copy of IOL from December of 1993 (I believe Vol. VI  No. 12) I’d be forever grateful if you could take a photo or send over information from “Takanotes” on the USOTC programming. This is part one of a three part series, and I currently only have two and three.  Hoping to get them all immortalized here but doesn’t work without the first.  Use the contact box on the right side of the blog.




*to note, I believe there were several typos/errors in the original article, particularly on the programming portion.  I’ve done my best to get things transcribed as best I could. One day I’ll try and channel my limited free time into a dissertation breaking down all the various ways I’ve seen folks prescribe weight, sets and repetitions.  Bob came from the “fractional” school of thought which, at least in his case, used % of 1RM and sets over the number of repetitions*

*I’ll also die on the hill that it should always be weight x repetitions x number of sets*





Many times an athlete of long term experience becomes fatigued or bored with repetitiousness of training regimens. This is easily understandable with the amount of work required and logged to achieve success. I would like to confirm some positive characteristics of frequency of exercise within workout or work week.

I for one, vary exercise frequency as often as I feel tolerable within a given work period. Preparation phase of one’s cycle offers the best opportunity for creativity in exercise selection. One should always speak with the athlete, and coaching peers, when analyzing ones deficiencies or imbalances of lifting skills. As outlined earlier these skills; 1) Strength and speed, 2) balance, 3) rhythm, 4) flexibility, will determine the objectives of your personalized program plan.

Now that we’ve generally discussed our objective, let me give you some examples of repeating exercise movements within the same work day. Let us state our objective the improvement of rhythm and consistency in the snatch result. An archaic approach might be many technical snatches to produce patterned snatch results. I feel the better method is as follows in the preparatory phase of the cycle:

Week  1

Day I

1)        Snatch Hang Below Knee 70% x 4, 80% x 1-2, 85% x1 x 3

2)        Squat 80% x 5 x 5

3)        Jerk 75% x 3 x 3

4)        Snatch 70% x 3, 80% x 2 x 2, 90% x 1 x 3

5)        Clean Shrug Mid Thigh Box 110% x 5 x 5

Day II

1)        Clean Snatch 65% x 2-3 x 3

2)        Jerk Behind Neck 85% x 2-3 x 3

3)        Good Morning 50% x 4 x 4

4)        Bench Press 70% x 6-8 x 5

Day III

1)        Clean & Jerk 75% x 2+2 x 3

2)        Snatch Stand on 4” box 70% x 2-3 x 3

3)        Front Squat 75% x 5 x 5

4)        Power Jerk 75% x 3 x 3

Day IV

1)        Power Clean Mid Thigh Box 70% x 4, 80% x 2-3 x 3

2)        Snatch Pull 100% x 3 x 5

3)        Power Snatch 70% x 203 x 3

Day V

1)        Snatch 70% x 3, 80% x 2 x 2, 85% x 1 x 3

2)        Clean & Jerk 70% x 2+2 x 3

3)        Squat 80% x 4 x 5

4)        Clean Pull 100% x 3 x 5

5)        Snatch 70% x 2, 80% x 1, 90% x 1 x 2

Day VI

1)        Power Clean and Power Jerk 75% x 1+2 x 3

2)        Power Snatch & Squat Mid Thigh Box 70% x 2+2 x 3

3)        Good Morning 50% x 4 x 4

The following week may be characterized by repetition of the same altered or varied snatch movements with greater frequency of classical snatching to alter neuro-muscular habitualization.

Week 2

Day I

1)        Hang Clean 75% x 2-3 x 3

2)        Snatch 60% x 4, 70% x 3, 80% x 2 x 3

3)        Front Squat 82.5% x 4 x 5

4)        Jerk 80% x 3 x 3

5)        Snatch 65% x 3, 75% x 2, 85% x 1 x 3

Day II

1)        Snatch Mid Thigh Box 70% x 2-3 x 2, 80% x 1-2 x 3

2)        Power Jerk 70% x 4, 80% x 2-3 x 2, 70% x 3

3)        Good Morning 55% x 4 x 4

4)        Bench Press 80% x 4-5 x 4

Day III

1)        ½ Snatch 60% x 4 x 2, 70% x 2, 75% x 1-2 x 2

2)        Clean & Jerk 75% x 2+1 x 4

3)        Squat Rise on Toes 80% x 3 x 4

4)        Clean Shrug 105% x 3 x 5

5)        Snatch + Snatch Pull 75-80% x 1-2+2 x 3

Day IV

1)        Clean Snatch 70% x 2 x 3

2)        Power Jerk Behind Neck 80% x 2-3 x 3

3)        Clean Shrug Below Knees 100% x 3 x 5

Day V

1)        Front Squat 70% x 4, 80% x 3, 90% x 2 x 2

2)        Snatch 80% x 1-3 x 3

3)        Clean & Jerk 80% x 1+2 x 3

4)        Snatch Shrug 105% x 3 x 5

Day VI

1)        Power Snatch Stand on 4” Platform 70% x 2 x 3

2)        Good Morning 50% x 5 x 4

3)        Press 70% x 5 x 5




There is a greater frequency of snatching while still maintaining the auxiliary snatching exercises to reinforce the technical and conceptual patterns. The athlete will be approaching maximal stress levels from the loading and should require very concentrated effort to perform the required plan. I will follow with an unloading week to clarify and unite the three week plan for re-learning technical amplification of the snatch (unloading Week III).

Week 3

Day I

1)        Snatch 60% x 4 x 2, 70% x 3 x 4

2)        Squat 70% x 5 x 5

3)        Clean Mid Thigh Box 75% x 2-3 x 3

4)        Jerk 70% x 3-4 x 5

Day II

1)        ½ Snatch 75% x 2 x 2, 75% x 1-2 x 2

2)        Power Jerk 70% x 2 x 3

3)        Clean Pull 95% x 5

Day III

1)        Clean & Jerk 75% x 2+2 x 2

2)        Front Squat 70-80% x 3-5 x 4

3)        Snatch Pull Mid Thigh Box 110% x 3-5 x 5

4)        Press 60% x 5 x 5

Day IV

This day is an active rest day. A bar warm-up, jumps, pull-ups, abdominals, sauna and massage.

Day V

1)        Snatch 60% x 3, 70% x 3, 80% x 1-2 x 3

2)        Squats 70% x 3, 80% x 3, 87x5% x 2 x 2

3)        Clean & Jerk 70% x 2+2 x 3

4)        Snatch 60-70% x 3-3, 80% x 1-2 x 3

This should provide adequate unloading. However, if an athlete is over 83kgs. Or is of advanced age and works a physically taxing job, Day II may be omitted as well. This will improve ones snatching. Please send a self-addressed stamped envelope for personal response.



Wednesday, September 4, 2024

George Frenn Really Gets it On! - Don Scott (1972)

 Man, it's almost more work finding articles Dale hasn't got on the site than it is to type them up.

Strength & Health April 1972




The athletic career of George Michael Frenn began at North Hollywood High School, in the San Fernando Valley, in February, 1957. He started out in track and field as a runner just to be with his then close friend Brad Bechtol. Brad’s father, Beck, was a crack 440 yard dash man of the early 1920’s at Sain John’s University. Beck had encouraged his son to go out for track with the idea of trying to match Beck’s early high school and college performances. This Brad did, going on to receive a college scholarship for his running ability. In the meantime, athletics was just the thing that George needed to start out his life because he had lost his own father when he was 4 years old and being the youngest boy of seven with one older sister and one younger sister, he did not get the attention and guidance in the developmental years of high school. So, in a sense, athletics gave him a direction and a set of goals worth shooting for.

The now strong man spent his 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th years at Sain John’s Military Academy in Los Angeles where he learned a disciplined life of regimentation. While at that institution, he tried out for every team sport and could only make 2nd and 3rd string at the standard sports that young boys play. So George gave up all hope of playing athletically until he discovered track and field in high school. He really dug the sport because the athlete could progress at his own rate and there was never a team cut because you could only be given a competition suit when you were good enough to perform with the other athletes on the field. So the harder he trained the better he got and finally in his senior year, Johnny Sanders, now the director of player personnel for the Los Angeles Rams, who was track and field coach, gave George a suit for the one and only track meet that he took part in high school. George did very poorly in the 220 yard dash and the 880 yard run but he still loved the competition and he still wanted to participate. So, at the end of the year he asked his coach about the possibility of getting a scholarship to Abilene Christian College because that’s where Bobby Morrow went to school and he was George’s idol. Coach Sanders told him to forget about getting a scholarship to A.C.C. but he suggested that he enroll at a local junior college and start his college career there. It should be noted that George tried out for the high school football team but again failed to make the team for several reasons. He was in good shape for that period of his life, but the 1959 team at North Hollywood High School had one All-America and 2 All-American honorable mentions plus 5 All-L.A. City linemen. In short, the competition was very tough and he had to settle for 2nd string junior varsity. Also, weight training had just been introduced to the high school program and no one knew very much about this method of training other than to say “don’t life too much because it will make you muscle bound.”

After graduation in June, 1959, George was at a major crossroad of his life; should he go to college or join the army. Truthfully, his high school counselor told him that he could never do college work and consequently had always put him in a shop program for the duration of his high school days.

It proved to be an easy decision to make in that George continued to run during the summer of 1959. In July of that year, he went to an all-comers track and field meet to run the 100 and 220 yard dashes. He came in last in both races. After the competitions, Gary Comer, a star 440 yard dash runner made a wise crack to the developing Frenn. He said, “Why don’t you get into the field events where you belong and stop running?” George was insulted and got up and walked down the field. It should be pointed out here that George was no lightweight by sprinter standards. He was 5 feet 11 inches tall and weighed 185 pounds and truly not very strong. But he had one thing going for him that few ever really achieve: that is the genuine desire to take part – to participate for the sheer pleasure of doing something really well. A few moments after drying his eyes from the Comer insult, it was announced that 2 Olympic champions would compete that evening. They were Harold Connolly, his now close partner in international hammer throwing and the incomparable Parry O’Brien, the shot-put and discus king.

Well, the evening was just right; warm, balmy, and quiet. Harold stepped into the throwing ring and let loose with a great effort. The silver ball whizzed through the air and George immediately tripped out to the event. He went around asking who that man was an what is it that he was doing. He was told that was the hammer throw and that there were very few throwers in the United States. Well, George went home and he began to think about what he saw. In October of that year, he finally got up enough courage to call Harold and introduce himself and ask for some information about the hammer throw. Harold gave him a book which he had written about the hammer and George began to study the event. George made his first hammer at Cannon Engineering Company out of a block of steel and Ted Cannon made the handle for him and attached it to the block by means of a cable. After 2 months of training with this contraption, he finally bought himself an official hammer for $26.00 from a sporting goods store. George entered his first meet with the hammer and got second with a throw of 90 feet 1 inch. Not bad, except that there were only two people in the contest. The winner, Tom Pagani, threw 180 feet and after the competition gave George his first real lesson in hammer throwing. Well, in the meantime George knew that strength was important because all the throwers were very large and seemed quite strong. So again George asked Harold for help and again Harold responded positively. He took George down to the old alley gym at Muscle Beach where all of the West Coast strong men trained and he took George through a complete workout once. He instructed George in all of the proper exercises for throwing the hammer and then he said, “George, you are on your own. Train hard and you might make it.” This was about the only encouragement that George got except from the Bechtols. George continued to train at the alley gym and then at the old Vic Tanny gym at 4th and Broadway in Santa Monica until he met his coach and close friend, Bill West. This chance meeting of George and Bill proved to be the greatest thing that ever happened to George because Bill was able to get the very best out of his young pupil. George had a strong frame and excellent constitution and he could take the work that Bill dished out. This meeting took place in February, 1965. Bill and George started training together on March 6, 1965 at the now famous Westside Barbell Club. While all of this weight training and running was going on, George finished a semester at Pierce Junior College, a semester at Abilene Christian College where he just could not hack the strict religion that was placed on the students, and 6 semester at Valley Junior College. While at Valley, he earned his college letter in track and field as a discus thrower under the coaching of George Ker. Coach Ker also gave George  his first lesson in throwing the 35 pound weight. This event is similar to the hammer throw but the implement is shorter and it is heavier. After receiving the Associate in Arts degree from that institution  our man about town was supposed to enroll at the University of Southern California but that scholarship was cancelled because of a dispute with the narrow minded athletic director, who just could not see giving a scholarship to a hammer thrower. At this point, we are up to February, 1964. Athletically, George had placed second in the National A.A.U.  Track and Field Championships in the hammer throw – yes – believe it or not. In just three years of throwing, young Frenn, at 21 years of age was the second best thrower in the country and qualified to make a tour to the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, Harold bumped George off of the team and he did not get to throw against the Russians, but he did stay on tour and threw in Poland, England, Romania, Germany and since that year of 1964, he has competed in just about every major country on the face of the earth. He has made three trips to the U.S.S.R. with the U.S.A. National Track and Field Team and 2 trips to the Pan-American Games: Winnipeg, Canada and Cali, Columbia placing third and second, respectively.

Within the 10 years of Frenn’s athletic career, he has suffered three major physical injuries. The first took place in high school while practicing hurdling. Many coaches have their men run the hurdles with a removable crossbar. This is done in the event the athlete kicks the bar with his training leg, he won’t kick over the entire hurdle, only the cross bar. In this particular instance, the bar that George used was too long, so that it happened that he did knock it off with his trail leg. As he landed back on the ground from jumping the hurdle the crossbar propped itself up, one end on the ground, the other pierced George’s lower abdomen and came out his stomach. This freak accident required 50 stitches to close and he lost one month of training time.

The second serious injury was a back injury. While squatting in the old Vic Tanny Gym in Santa Monica, George was trying heavy poundages two days in a row. Apparently, he was more fatigued than he realized as his back went out and he lost muscular control of his right leg instantly. This back injury plagued him all through the track season and this was the probably reason that he did not make the 1964 Olympic Team. The injury eventually healed after a great deal of stretching and deadlifting. Doctors wanted to operate and remove a disc but he would not let them do it. This injury took place in April, 1964.

The third major injury George went through was the weirdest of them all (not sure how it could be weirder than being impaled on a hurdle crossbar.) It happened in February, 1966 just 3 days prior to the indoor nationals in track and field. George was throwing the 35 pound weight at Cal-State Long Beach and listening to his favorite music at the same time – that of the great jazz pianist, Erroll Garner. This music psyches him up because of the great rhythm that Garner creates. Incidentally, George plays the piano for his own enjoyment and if he really gets bugged he might pick it up and throw it. This particular throwing session was the final workout before going to New Mexico to do battle with Harold and Ed Burke for the national title. George had been over the then world record in that session on at least 8 throws. In fact, a small crowd had gathered and they were awed by this terrific display of throwing power. George looked at Gary Ordway the discus thrower and said, “this will be my last throw.” Well, the weight was picked up and spun and he was about to release it when it got caught on his glove. The force whipped George around and his right leg got caught against his left leg an instantly he suffered a spiral fracture of the right fibula. Talk about depression, well after the cast was applied, George went right over to Bill West’s house and told him. They then both agreed that George could bench press for the next 13 weeks and this he did. While in that cast, George did some other remarkable things also. For instance, he began to do quarter squts after a 4 week period of recovery while still in the cast. You may remember the great contest that was held in San Diego between Pat Casey and Terry Todd. Well, George was in that one also. Only he lifted in a cast.



He bench pressed 420 pounds and just missed 440 pounds. He then squatted 600 pounds believe it or not, he has the pictures to prove it, and then he deadlifted 585 pounds while in the cast. One week later, he entered the Coliseum Relays and took the cast off and threw the hammer 191 feet for third place. He also has thrown the hammer with the cast on 151 feet 7 inches.

In 1964 George enrolled at California State College Long Beach and earned his letter as a hammer thrower and discus thrower as he did at Abilene Christian College thus becoming a three year letter man at three different institutions. While at Cal State, George took a bachelors degree in Physical Education and one in Psychology. He also earned a Masters Degree in Physical Education and three California State Teaching Credentials.

During the time of this education, George worked hard with Bill west and together they won every major contest on the West Coast in powerlifting and George even won the California State Heavyweight Olympic lifting title in 1967. In 1971, he was second in this competition. The true story of Frenn on Olympic lifting is the fact that it is not applicable to hammer throwing and so he has never put any real time into these lifts, but he has spent most of his time powerlifting because it applies to hammer throwing and because Bill West is his close friend and Bill does not Olympic lift.

To list the athletic accomplishments of George Frenn would take too much space so here are the major awards he has won. He was selected for the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine July 6, 1970. In 1970 he won the U.S.A. championships for throwing the 16 pound hammer, the 35 pound weight indoors, and the 56 pound weight outdoors. He repeated this same trio in 1971 and he is the only man in U.S.A. track and field history to ever do this. In track and field he holds the following records: American  and World Records for the 35 pound weight indoors, 74 feet 3 ½ inches; 35 pound weight outdoors 68 feet 7 ½ inches; 56 pound weight for height, 17 feet 2 ½ inches (George was the first man to go over seventeen feet) and he has officially thrown the hammer 232 feet 7 inches. In powerlifting, he was the fist man to get through the 800 pound squat barrier and the first man ever to total 2100 pounds. He holds the following records: American 242 ½ pound class full squat at 853 pounds. He has held the 242 total record at 2100 pounds and the superheavyweight squat record at 815 pounds and the deadlift record at 812 ½ pounds. His best official bench press is 520 pounds. Again, here is an exercise that he can not practice very much because it hinders his hammer throwing but most people don’t realize this.

There is an interesting story about George and the 56 pound weight. Andy Magna, a New York stock broker sent a 56 pound weight out to George as a gag. The freight alone was $14.00. The strong man decided to try to throw it in a competition. He did – and broke the existing World Record by 3 ½ inches. However, when the weight was weighted, it was found to be 5 grams too light and George did not even get credit for the record. But he was given another opportunity to throw it at the Rose Bowl and this he did, setting a new World Record of 48 feet ¾ inch. Immediately after that throw, Harold Connolly came running up and gave him a great hug and said, “George, you have just immortalized yourself. No one will ever break that record.” Bob Backus had held the previous record at 45 feet 7 inches and this record has stood for 14 years. In 1969 George upped the record again to 49 feet 7 ½ inches and again in 1971 to 49 feet 8 ½ inches. He has a standing offer of $100.00 to anyone who can break the 56 pound weight throw record if he fails to set a new record in a follow up competition. Any takers?

The Frito Bandito, as he is sometimes called, has won 10 National Championships: 1 in powerlifting, 2 in hammer throwing, 2 for the 35 pound weight throw, and 5 for the 56 pound weight throw. After all has been said and done it is of interest that Bob Backus, the former great track and field man is probably Goerge’s greatest idol along with Harold and Parry. Bob took notice of the developing youngster and always provided encouragement and coaching for George whenever he visited Bakus’ Boston Gym. Bob has even paid expenses for the champion weight thrower to the National Championships just so he could see George throw.

Probably George’s best and closest friend is Curt Stevens, a psychological social worker. They met for the first time in May of 1960. Frenn was having trouble staying in the circle and he would foul out in almost every competition. He was under a great mental strain so he decided to get some help through the school counseling service at Valley College. They have been working together ever since in in-depth psyco-therapy. “This was the smartest thing that I have ever done. Everyone needs someone that he can discuss anything with and I have been able to discuss my athletic hang-ups with Curt and he has helped me straighten them out. This has helped my track and field and powerlifting competitions greatly” says George. George feels that between Curt Stevens, Bill West, Harold Connolly, and Bob Backus he received the guidance and encouragement that got him to where he is today.

What lies ahead for the 30 year old National Champion? Well, in track and field he wants to make the 1972 Olympic Team and throw the hammer over 240 feet this year. In powerlifting, he wants to squat 900 pounds possibly in 1972. Now, the question comes up, “How about a contest between Jon Cole and George Frenn?” Well, you probably will never see such a contest until after the 1972 Olympic Games because George cannot practice the bench press. However, if the bench press were eliminated for a contest and the squat and deadlift were just used, well, that’s another question. Frenn has never been beaten in the full squat by anyone. And few have ever beaten him in the deadlift and now that he has learned the secret of the heavy deadlift it is doubtful that he would lose such a contest to any one. “I know I’m not the world’s strongest man but I know that Jon Cole is not either.”

Frenn feels that this is an impossible concept to achieve because nobody is up everyday. You get suck, lose weight and the like. The world’s strongest man should be strong every day. Suppose you have a bad day like Cole had at the 1971 Powerlifting Nationals? Are you still the world’s strongest man even if you set records in competition after the Nationals? Frenn says no. The champion or the world’s strongest man should always win and always be up. Since this is impossible to attain, the phoney title should be dropped. He would be in favor of a title like world’s best Olympic lifter or world’s best powerlifter but that would be it. Anyone foolish enough to think that he is the strongest man in the world is on an ego trip. Even Paul Anderson, who has moved the greatest amount of weight in one lift refuses to call himself the world’s strongest man. “Believe me,” says Frenn, “the world’s strongest man has not ever been found. There is always someone to take his place or he simply has not been found yet.”

George likes to keep himself in shape all year round and seldom lets his squat go below 700 pounds. He has squatted 700 pounds twice a week for the last 3 years.



George has taught school for three years but in order to make the Olympic Team, he resigned to devote full time to training and to a new career that he has dabbled in off and on, that of picture making. In August of 1971 the North Hollywood strong man met David C. Detert of San Francisco, an enterprising young man who does entertainment production while managing the Detert Chemical Company of San Francisco for his father Earl. David was interested in making a film and had many ideas similar to George’s so the two formed a production company known as Cinema Associates Ltd. They are currently working on a film about the 1972 United States Olympic Team which will be televised nationally prior to the Summer Games. The film uncovers many of the sacrifices that international and Olympic caliber athletes must make in order to represent their country in the Games. The film is a news documentary type which has much sports action and commentary from many of the nation’s leading amateur athletes and promises to be one of the finest works of its kind ever presented for viewing. Because of his commitment in the film industry, George has not had the time to answer the many fan letters that he has received but hoped that everyone will excuse this.

In closing, Frenn doubts seriously that we will ever see powerlifting in the Olympic Games. For one thing the Olympic Games have too many sports now, the Games are too big. For another thing, the rules are too strict and they are not uniform around the world. Finally the present concept of bodyweight classes is old and out0moded and this seriously hurts powerlifting at the international level. If powerlifting maintains the same bodyweight standards as Olympic lifting then the power men are going to be held back as well as the sport. Most foreign countries have little men in the Games as lifters and a change of the bodyweight classification would eliminate these countries from competition.

The complete training routine that George is on is here and as you can see he really gets it on. Thoe that train with him can tell you that he actually handles that much weight in his regular training sessions without really getting psyched up. If you intend to follow it, great, but get about 6 years of experience behind you first. George has done it. Maybe you will also.

George Frenn’s Powerlifting Training Schedule as of January, 1969

He is the 1970 National A.A.U. Hammer Throw, 35 Pound, and 56 Pound Weight Throwing Champion. In 1967, he won the National A.A.U. Powerlifting Championship. He is the American Record Holder for the 2 weight throws and the 242 ½ pound class full squat with a lift of 819 pounds (now 853 lbs.)

“I train only on Tuesdays and Saturday with the weights and I throw the hammer and run on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. When I train for the Powerlifts I do bench press; otherwise, I never do any pressing movements as it hurts the hammer throw.”

TUESDAY

Bench Press

Bench Squats (20 inch bench)

Low Box Squats (14 inch box) 4 sets x 1 rep

Lat Pull Downs: 3 sets x 10 reps heavy as you can go

Good Mornings: 3 sets x 5 reps 135, 225, 315, sometimes 425

Power Cleans: 5 sets x 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

Triceps Extensions: 3 sets x 10 reps heavy as you can go

For the bench press and the bench squat, do 12 sets. Low Box follows bench squats


“As for Saturday’s training, I do only the bench press, full squat, and deadlift. For the bench press schedule, follow the one I use on Tuesdays. Use the bench squat schedule for your full squats. The sets are the same but the poundages are not quite that heavy. During the hammer throwing season, I do not bench press, so I substitute the power clean and snatch for the bench press. Follow the power clean schedule for these two exercises.”


Friday, August 30, 2024

Labor Day Labors - Ken Leistner (1996)

 MILO January 1996

Thanks to Howard Menkes for providing this article.  Howard also happens to be mentioned in the article as well!


Years ago, we used to celebrate Memorial Day with a barbecue and a day of strength work at Ralph Raiola’s house. Since the opening of the Iron Island Gym, this has been impossible. Memorial Day weekend has been the date for the annual Iron Island Memorial Day Bench Blast, a contest that has seen quite a few world records, including the smashing of the 400-pound barrier for the first time by a woman lifter. Tamara Grimwood, the fine athlete who accomplished that feat with a 402.25, Chris Confessore, and others have made our Memorial Day meets memorable, but Ralph missed those eating and lifting fests that left everyone talking for weeks about the great time they had.

With little fanfare and great glee, Ralph and Michele hosted a Labor Day bash, complete with lots of food, lots of beverage, and lots of lifting, reminiscent of the Labors of Hercules. A great time was had by all. With the gym open until 3 P.M. and the lifting starting at 4 P.M., some of the competitors were put at an immediate disadvantage as they opted to eat first and lift afterwards. Frank De Marco, a formidable opponent in pasts contests, had to pass on the first event as he faced the choice of either filling his hands with the heavy log or the four hot dogs he was holding. He wisely chose the hot dogs, giving him, as he later explained, “Lots of energy for later events.” In the spirit of friendly competition, Ralph’s intricate system of scoring broke down early, leaving all exhausted, satisfied with their efforts, and having little or no idea about their placings. This is typical of the fun-filled times we often have related to strength training, with the only complaints related to the degree of seasoning in the homemade sausage.

Our events consisted of maximal repetitions in the overhead press with our heavy log. I originally made this log in the mid-eighties when the head of Lilco’s tree trimming crew (our local power utility) exchanged it for chiropractic services. I’m probably the only health care professional to barter services for a log, and walked away feeling that I got the better of the deal. I machined and secured parallel grip handles in this and a lighter log, but never bothered to weigh either one. The very powerful Tom Metzger and I tied in this event, although I deserved no share of that title as I knew what I needed to win, took two attempts to push the winning press to completion, and failed both times, scraping my chin in the process.





Ralph proved tough in the second event, and by this time, some of the neighborhood children had joined the throng on the sidewalk and lawn of the Raiola residence to witness the bizarre happenings. I bought brand new perfectly matched sledge hammers a few days before, and these were held in abduction for time. Frank’s four hot dogs had digested enough for him to smoke everyone else. Special mention should be made of Jackie Metzger’s performance as her delts stood out in bold relief, prompting our cameraman John Mahon to shoot half of his roll of film on this one event. To compensate for the sake of fairness, the women, and only young competitor, my son Sol, lifted our short thick bar with weights instead of the heavy log, and held out huge plastic jugs filled with water. Sol needs special mention as he eschewed the bottles for the big guys’ hammers.



Our third event was one of Ralph’s favorites, but Vinnie Borgia and big Howard Menkes surprised everyone with blistering times. Ralph made a very nice sled in his wood shop and loaded it with plates. Metzger fulfilled his request to bring a “thick rope” that could be used for a hand-over-hand pull up the driveway. Tom, of course, came through with a rope that in and of itself weighed over two hundred pounds! Now we know what our local clammers have to deal with on a daily basis. We “older competitors” were blown out after the pressing and hand-over-hand sled pull. The younger guys seemed to gain solace and rejuvenation from the between-events beer.  How do they do that?

 


Here is the aforementioned Howard Menkes pulling a 1160 lbs anchor chain

 

Our final event was by far my favorite. Jim Sutherland is perhaps the most brilliant manufacturer of strength training equipment in the country. No one can understand what a trainee’s needs are and then render the product so skillfully. I had two old Navy practice bombs that when filled with sand or water, weighted approximately one hundred pounds. Filling and refilling it was a pain- messy, and at times, difficult. I originally bought these from Archie McPhee’s weird product outlet in Seattle and then sent them to Jim for retooling. He welded beautifully knurled handles, filled them with melted lead and put a base on them so that they would not get crushed when dropped. We wound up with these great 125-pound carrying implements that are extremely well balanced.  Thank you, Jim.

These were lifted from the ground, with the competitor springing twenty yards up the driveway to the start of Ralph’s back yard. Once on the dirt and grass, five quick deadlifts were done, all of it timed. The ladies used one of our fifty-pound elevator counterweights in each hand. My wife’s triceps and delts were popping out as she used her former Purdue University top sprinter’s speed, but it was her butt, traps and low back that were screaming in the days following the run.

We eventually gave up trying to figure out placings and settled on recovering from our efforts, eating and drinking until late in the evening; and thinking about next year’s events and what other things we could do to have fun with our strength. This is what strength is all about. This is what MILO is all about.

Competitors: Vinnia Borgia, Frank DeMarco, Howard Menkes, Kathy Leistner, Jackie Metzger, Diane Oates, Drew Israel, Tom Metzger, Sol Leistner, Ralph Raiola, Dr. Ken Leistner.

Referees and Timekeepers: John Bott, Marie Bott, Mark Tuesday

Monday, August 26, 2024

When is “One All Out Set” Enough? – Andy Baker (2024)

 This came off Andy's own blog you can check out at https://www.andybaker.com/blog/.  Andy's a good guy and gets lumped in (probably unfairly) with Rippetoe's linear approach to training.  Andy has a ton of great content on bodybuilding and conjugate-style training that is easy to understand and well thought-out.  


Got asked a great question on my Forum today about using the approach of “one all out set” for hypertrophy purposes.

Before I go more in depth……I  AM an advocate of lower volume / high effort training for hypertrophy….in the right circumstances.   If you’ve read my work at all in the last several years, you know that I am not in the camp of “More Volume = More Growth.”   I have other articles that directly address that subject.

But what about taking it to an extreme?  Just one all out set?   I do not wish to be Strawman-d into the Mike Mentzer camp that you literally only need ONE all out set for a muscle group in a 7-10 day period to grow.   I’m much more in favor of something like what Dorian Yates did with his training.  Mostly using one all out set for each exercise – but using multiple exercises for a muscle group.  So more like 4-6 all out sets for a muscle group in a session, spread across multiple exercises.

And no, I’m not advocating that everyone should follow Dorians routine.  I’m only stating that his approach is going to be closer to “optimal” for most people than the Mentzer approach.

So back to the topic at hand….

From my Forum member:  “How Does One Know When One All Out Set is Enough”

First – you never truly know what optimal is.  But if you want to experiment using lower volume / high effort sets in your training there are a few guidelines you can follow using this approach to gauge how it might or might not be working for you.

#1:   You must have experience with this exercise.  

And it will work even better if you are somewhat strong on the exercise.   Low volume, high effort training requires some degree of neurological efficiency to really work well.  Neurological efficiency comes with time and exposure to a lift, and a reservoir of strength on that lift.  It’s what Marty Gallagher refers to as “neurological in-roads.”  The motor pattern is firmly established.   The technique is dialed in.  You easily achieve a pump in the target muscle with that movement.  Only once that foundation is laid will you really be capable of causing any sort of homeostatic disruption with one all out set.

#2:  Are you progressing in load and/or reps on a regular or semi-regular basis?   

If you Squat a hard 315 x 5 this week……can you come back next week and Squat 315 x 6.   Or 320 x 5?   If you can regularly achieve new performance increases on the exercise, then you are likely doing enough.  More sets is not likely to cause even larger leaps of progress.

If you are STAGNANT and/or REGRESSING then it is likely a sign that you are not receiving enough stress to drive an adaptation and thus more volume is likely warranted.   It could be as simple as adding a single back off set.  In fact, this is how I auto-regulate my volume in my own programming.  If my top working set achieves my target load/reps for the day, then I generally move onto the next exercise.  If I do not hit my target weight/reps for the day, then I will often add in a back off set at a lower weight for that movement in order accumulate a bit more volume.

People who are not ready for this type of training often do wind up regressing pretty early into the program.

It could also be the case that your effort level simply isn’t high enough.  Low Volume Training requires HIGH EFFORT levels.  It simply doesn’t work any other way.  Hitting failure or within a rep of failure (depending on the exercise) is almost mandatory for this to work.   Some people flourish with this approach – others don’t.

#3:  Would you have significant drop off in performance on subsequent sets?  

This generally has to be tested on each exercise before you can determine your own guideposts for this.   For instance – you Squat 315 x 10 for your top work set.   Then come back 3-5 minutes later and Squat 315 x 6.   I would argue that second set was neither necessary nor useful.  In fact, it may have done more harm than good.  Likely the FATIGUE from that set outweighed whatever positive benefit you derived from that second set.

Those types of sets, where you have massive performance drop off due to fatigue only compound fatigue more.   Training is always a balance between stimulus and fatigue.  You need to chase the former while always trying to minimize the latter.

If however, you Squat 315 x 10, and come back in 3-5 minutes and Squat 315 x 10 again…….well…….it’s hard to say whether that first set was “enough” or not.  These things are impossible to know in the moment.  But it is possible to know that that first set was NOT maximal.   Maximal effort sets generally cannot be repeated.

So either your effort level isn’t as high as you think it is, or you simply have not developed the capacity to really fatigue yourself yet.

We see this often in Novices.   First set of 5 seems to them to be pretty fucking hard!!!

Set 2 is still pretty hard but better.

Then Set 3 seems almost easy!!!

This is novice level stuff.  If this is your experience you are NOT ready for “one all out set.”   You simply haven’t developed the neurological capacity to fatigue yourself from a single set.  You don’t see this with more advanced lifters unless those first few sets are kept intentionally submaximal (which is fine and necessary for a volume based approach).

#4:   Do you lose pump and mind-muscle connection on subsequent sets?

As I’ve said before – I believe the pump to be a very important indicator of effective exercise execution.  I think it helps on volume regulation as well.

You ever do an exercise and walk away with a MASSIVE PUMP after that first set?    That’s good.  During the rep you could feel every fiber stretch and contracting like it’s supposed to?

But then on sets 2 and 3 you kinda lose it?   Your pump slowly fades with each set.

You lose that mind-muscle connection.   You don’t really feel it “working” the target muscle anymore – just bludgeoning it to death with a bunch of junk volume?

Many of you have felt this, some don’t know what I’m talking about.  That’s okay.

But if you have experienced this then it CAN BE an indicator that doing more sets beyond the pump and beyond the mind-muscle connection may not be useful.   The nerves are a bit fried at this point.  You aren’t doing anything here but compounding more fatigue.

#5:   Do you subjectively “feel” that you put in 100% effort to the set?  

Look – some days you got it….some days you don’t.   No one can put forth 100% effort on every exercise of every workout.  Whether it’s physical, mental, or emotional, some days you just can’t (or won’t) push quite as hard.   Be honest with your effort.  If you left a lot on the table on that first set, it might be a good idea to add a little bit of volume afterward.

 

Some of you may have already picked up on the fact that the use of the “one all out set” doesn’t have to be a uniform approach to your training at every workout for every exercise.   Some movements respond really well to this approach – for instance a Hack Squat or Leg Press.   Other movements less so – for instance – Side Delt Raises.   Some movements are more capable than others of generating MASSIVE DOSES OF STRESS in that single all out set and others don’t have that same capacity.  And your approach may vary as well due to your abilities and experience with various exercises.


Wednesday, August 21, 2024

Getting Started in Olympic Weightlifting - Bruce Klemens (1978)

 Strength & Health May 1978



Many individuals shy away from Olympic lifting because they don’t have a top coach to monitor their training. Actually, the only assets that an aspiring Olympic lifter requires are coordination, flexibility, speed and patience. The latter attribute is particularly important.

Many fellows give up Olympic lifting after only a week or two of practice because they feel they can’t master the technique. While no one learns Olympic lifting – or any other sport that involves technique and coordination – overnight, there is no reason why a young athlete can’t be well on his way to becoming a proficient lifter inside of six months.

Before embarking on a specialized lifting program, however, a complete beginner should start out with a standard bodybuilding course for at least three months. During this time, he should emphasize exercises like full squats, upright rows, bent-over rows, deadlifting and overhead presses since they are closely related to the Olympic lifts.

*Bruce is on the far left.  


Once this foundation has been built, he can switch to the following program for six weeks:

Weeks 1 to 6

Day 1

Warmup

Overhead Squat – 4 x 6

Power Snatch – 6 x 5

Snatch Grip Deadlift – 5 x 5

Power Jerk – 5 x 5

Back Squat – 5 x 5

Day 2

Warmup

Power Snatch – 6 x 5

Power Clean – 6 x 5

Power Jerk – 5 x 5

Front Squat – 6 x 3

Hyperextensions – 2 x 10

Day 3

Warmup

Overhead Squat – 4 x 6

Power Clean – 6 x 5

Clean-Grip Deadlift – 5 x 5

Back Squat – 5 x 5

Military Press – 3 x 8

Hyperextensions – 2 x 10

 

Notice that each workout entails no more than 25 sets, which should not tax the endurance of anyone. Also, no poundages or percentages are suggested since a lifter at this stage of the game should be more concerned with learning proper lifting form.

Notice, too, that each training session is preceded by a 15-minute warmup. This should include stretching movements, calisthenics and simulations of the lifts with a broomstick handle.

Never neglect this phase of the workout because it helps to avoid injuries. There is an old weightlifting adage which goes, “If you don’t have time to warm up, you don’t have time to train.”

It’s also a good idea to conclude your workout with a set or two of 10 to 20 situps to taper off. At first, it’s not necessary to employ any resistance I this movement, but they should be performed in a slow, deliberate manner with the knees bent and the back rounded. Not only will this strengthen the abdominal muscles, but it will also relieve any tension that has accumulated in the lower back.

Learning the proper pulling technique for the power snatch and power clean is critical during this formative period. Former national champion Russ Knipp recommends that beginners get the top end of the pull down first and learn the bottom position later.

As applied to the suggested routine, it would be done like this: For the first two weeks, do all of the power snatches and cleans from the dead hang just above the knees. For the second two weeks, do them from the dead hang just below the knees. Throughout the last two weeks of this schedule, they should be done from the floor.

When this stage of development has been reached, it’s an ideal time to learn the squat technique for the Olympic lifts. Disregard anyone who suggest that you learn the split style of lifting first because it’s easier. (edit: this not-so-young admin advocates folks try the split snatch if they’ve got banged up shoulders) This is simply not true! Besides, every single world record holder or world champion employs the squat style of lifting.

So, for the next six weeks your workouts should look like this:

Weeks 7 to 12

Day 1

Warmup

Overhead Squat – 4 x 6

Squat Snatch – 7 x 3

Snatch Pull – 5 x 5

Power Jerk – 5 x 5

Front Squat – 6 x 3

Day 2

Warmup

Squat Snatch – 7 x 3

Squat Clean – 7 x 3

Power Jerk – 5 x 5

Back Squat 5 x 5

Hyperextensions – 2 x 10

Day 3

Warmup

Power Snatch – 5 x 5

Squat Clean – 7 x 3

Clean Pull – 6 x 3

Back Squat – 5 x 5

Military Press – 3 x 8

Hyperextensions – 2 x 10

 

Having mastered the proper pulling form and the squat style of lifting, we’ll turn our attention to the jerk. Since you’ve been practicing power jerks right from the start, the transition to the full jerking movement should be easy.


Up to this point, our two previous programs have been of six weeks duration. Take note that the next exercise plan is only intended for four weeks of use.

Weeks 13 to 16

Day 1

Warmup

Jerk from the Rack – 7 x 3

Squat Snatch – 7 x 3

Snatch Pull – 6 x 3

Front Squat – 6 x 3

Hyperextensions – 3 x 8

Day 2

Warmup

Jerk from the Rack – 7 x 3

Squat Clean – 7 x 3

Clean Pull – 6 x 3

Back Squat – 6 x 5

Military Press – 4 x 6

Day 3

Warmup

Squat Snatch – 7 x 3

Squat Clean – 7 x 3

Power Jerk – 5 x 3

Back Squat – 6 x 5

Hyperextensions – 3 x 8

 

Completing the preceding program means that the trainee should possess all of the necessary skills that are required in the various facets of Olympic lifting. All that remains is to put these skills together… and that’s the purpose of the next program. Instead of doing cleans and jerks separately, this time the complete movement will be done. Clean each weight twice and then jerk it twice.

Weeks 17 to 20

Day 1

Warmup

Squat Snatch – 3,3,3,3,2,2,2

Clean & Jerk – 7 x 2

Snatch Pull – 6 x 3

Back Squat – 5,5,5,4,3,3

Hyperextensions – 3 x 8

Day 2

Warmup

Squat Snatch – 7 x 2

Clean & Jerk – 7 x 2

Clean Pull – 6 x 3

Back Squat – 5,5,5,4,3,3

Military Press – 4 x 6

Day 3

Warmup

Power Snatch – 5,5,4,3,3,3,3

Power Clean – 5,5,4,3,3,3,3

Power Jerk – 5,5,3,3,3,3

Front Squat – 6 x 3

Hyperextensions – 3 x 8

 

After four weeks on the 17-23 routine, try yourself out on the snatch and clean and jerk. Begin doing triples with fairly light weights and work up to your maximum on each lift. At this point, the lifter must determine his strengths and weaknesses so he can tailor his future training sessions to meet his needs.

Also, he should start to calculate his training poundages on a percentage basis. This simply means that during a particular training session the athlete will only work up to a certain percentage of his limit instead of going all-out at every workout.

For example, if you were scheduled to hit 85% in the snatch on a given day and your best in that lift was 140 pounds, then 120 would be your top snatch poundage for that workout. Percentages for the snatch pull and clean pull are based on one’s maximum snatch and clean and jerk. However, the percentage system is not used for remedial exercises like hyperextensions.

For the best results, the third weekly training session should be varies as follows: One week work up to three sets of doubles in the snatch and clean and jerk with 87.5% Also, include a limit triple in the squat.

The next time, work up three singles in both lifts with 92.5% and three reps with 87.5% in the squat.

On the third week of this cycle, work up to your absolute limit in the “Olympic two” and conclude with three sets of squats at 75%

Intermediate Routine

Day 1

Warmup

Squat Snatch – 7 x 3 (last 3 sets at 80%)

Snatch Pulls – 6 x 3 (last 3 sets at 110%)

Power Jerk – *misprinted in article* (last 4 sets at 75%)

Front Squat – 6 x 3 (last 2 sets at 85%)

Hyperextensions – 3 x 8

Day 2

Warmup

Power Snatch – 5,5,5,4,3 (last set at 75%)

Squat Clean – 3,3,3,2,2,2,2 (last 3 sets at 82.5%)

Clean Pull – 6 x 3 (last 3 sets at 105%)

Jerk from the Rack – 3,3,3,2,2,2 (last 2 sets at 85%)

Back Squat – 6 x 5 (last 2 sets at 75%)

Day 3

Warmup

Squat Snatch

Clean & Jerk

Back Squat

Military Press - 4 x 6 (last 2 sets at 70%)

Hyperextensions – 3 x 8

 

That’s it! Not too bad, huh? Once the lifter has finished the intermediate training schedule, he should enter a novice or local weightlifting contest. He may also find it quite helpful to attend some of the bigger contests so he can analyze the technique of the advanced lifters.

Good luck!




Thursday, August 15, 2024

Can Body Bulk Be Overdone? - John Grimek (1963)

 Strength & Health May 1963


Can body bulk be overdone? This seems to be a burning question that concern many aspiring bodybuilders. And it seems especially pertinent to all whose desire is to bulk up for added size at any cost. More specifically, this ambition seems to apply more directly to the younger, more slender type of individual who is discouraged by his physical appearance and wants to add extra body bulk to his frame by hook or by crook. Many succeed, and often at the expense of their symmetry.

Among bodybuilding enthusiasts the topic of body bulk is frequently discussed. Usually this discussion centers around methods involved that help to increase size and body girths. Naturally most of the younger fellows who take up weight training do so with the idea of getting bulkier because they feel it will improve their appearance. Most “mature men,” on the other hand, take up this type of activity to keep their bodyweight stable. But it is not uncommon to find even among this older group certain individuals who have ambitions similar to those of the younger men, i.e. to bulk up and add size to their frame.

These ambitions are made known to me through the letters I receive week after week. A few even enclose pictures to illustrate their point. Often, at first glace, even before reading the letter, I conclude that the writer is seeking advice on reducing. But imagine my surprise, when I finally read the letter and learn that the writer doesn’t want to lose weight… he wants to gain more!

I may ignore questions of this nature, but more likely a copy of an issue of our magazine which contains a reducing program is sent to such individuals. So far no one has ever complained about getting the wrong information, and I’ve often wondered just how many have taken the hint!

It’s a foregone conclusion, and one that is accepted by most weight trainees, that there are certain individuals who can add bulk to their frames rapidly. This is accomplished by eating larger quantities of food and following a regular exercise program. Many men who have this rapid gaining ability tend to overdo it. They don’t have any conception of when enough is enough and continue to add bulk until they become huge and shapeless. To such a person size is paramount, while muscularity and symmetry of proportions are meaningless. In time some do learn that size isn’t everything and may take certain steps to regain their former shape, but only a small handful ever succeed.

Those who bulk up beyond what their normal structure can hold for good symmetry rarely take into consideration the difficulty they would have in regaining their former figure. They fail to realize that in the process of acquiring this extra bulk their stomachs have become distended, thus making it necessary for them to eat larger portions of food to pacify their hunger. Losing the extra bulk depends a great deal on shrinking the stomach first so that less food is eaten, which reduces the calory intake and helps to reduce bodyweight. Anyone who has a hearty appetite knows how hard it is to cut down on eating. And those who don’t curb their appetite never lose weight, at least not enough to show.

One of the big reasons why so many eager bodybuilders want to bulk up is because they are impressed with physical size, namely a massive chest, big arms and huge legs. Physical shape has little meaning to them at this stage; only size is important, they feel. It’s very possible they might have seen some medium sized, well-muscled fellow who was tremendously impressive when he appeared under posing lights, but looked mediocre when he stood among a group of bigger, heavier men. This often is the reason why many youngsters want to get BIG – to look big anywhere and at any time. So many, however, succeed only in getting bigger around the midsection and hips and then try, without success, to slim these areas and retain some of the other girths. They seldom succeed.

We must all realize that there is only a certain amount of muscular mass that the bone structure can carry and still look presentable. Anything over that is excessive and may be nothing but fat. But, of course, many bodybuilders don’t know the difference between bulk and muscular mass. A lot of them “fatten up” and think they have achieved something spectacular. But an appraisal of their waist and hip size should show them the folly of their bulking up. Muscular bulk or mass, on the other hand, does not settle around only on the hips and waist, but all areas become heavier and have fine symmetry. A certain degree of muscularity is also present, although it may not be as finely defined as when the person is lighter. But those who get fat simply become round, soft and smooth without the fine contours of those who are firm and muscular.

Some years ago, in the August 1956 edition of this magazine, we presented a very unusual story of over-bulking. It was of the now well-known case of Bruce Randall.

https://ditillo2.blogspot.com/2019/07/i-was-once-monster-bruce-randall.html


Bruce, like so many others, wanted to get big… and he did, eventually weighing 400 pounds! But even with all this bigness he lacked impressiveness. He decided to enter the 1956 Mr. America contest and undertook a very rigid diet and training program. Within a relatively short time he lost a lot of weight, and finally weighed in at the Mr. America contest at 187 pounds! Later, of course, he put on additional weight and now stays between 225 and 235. However, note his before picture (when he was heavy) and the more recent pose. Observe the amazing transformation. Observe, too, where much of his bulk was… around the hips, upper thighs and waist area. Study the “debulked” picture and notice how pleasing the overall effect is as compared to the heavy photos. Can there be any question as to size alone being preferable to good symmetry? Here is visual proof and is worth a moment of your contemplation before you go all-out on a bulk craze bender.

Another comparable case is that of Bill Pearl. At the time of his winning the Mr. America title in 1953 he weighed around 190 pounds in a trained down condition. Over the years he has experimented with getting heavier, then losing it. The past year or more he decided to maintain this heavier bodyweight and now stays around 230 to 235 in fine, solid condition. And although he has at times gone up to 250 pounds in bodyweight, his waist and hips still remain in proportion, which adds to his impressiveness. Naturally his muscularity is not as defined at this bodyweight as it is when he’s lighter, but the obvious fact is that he has retained his symmetry while increasing size… and that’s the important secondary goal in any bulking-up program: to retain symmetry!



I was assured that people are impressed by massive size on my trips to London, where in different years I had the opportunity to appear in two different extremes – first, relatively slender, and then in heavy condition. Before I went to London I had the impression that Europeans approved of the smaller, leaner type of physique. I felt that in order to win this Mr. Universe contest I would have to lose 20 or more pounds from my usual bodyweight. I began taking off weight, and when I finally arrived in London I weighed slightly over 190 pounds.  But what I forgot to consider was the food shortage in London at the time. Before I knew it I lost another 10 pounds without even trying! Naturally I showed far more muscle delineation at this bodyweight than normally. Yet somehow I was pleased by this loss of weight because now I felt I approached the European standard more closely even though my chest, arms and legs were larger than what they considered ideal. Many of the contestants and officials to whom I talked thought I was at my normal bodyweight. They were surprised to learn that I weight almost 30 pounds lighter than usual for this event. A few were horrified at the thought of losing that much weight, which is just opposite of what they were trying to do, to gain weight. Almost all to whom I spoke suggested that if ever I visited London again I should return at my maximum bodyweight.

 The opportunity came the next year when I was invited to take part in their annual show. This time I weighed around 215 and with very little increase in the size of my waist and hips. This alone seemed to accentuate my other girths and made me appear heavier than I was. Actually, I received more compliments at this bodyweight than I did the year before when I showed twice the muscularity. And this proved to me beyond any doubt that size was more important than anything else as far as the bodybuilding public was concerned, a conclusion I’m sure is just as valid today.

I questioned a number of fellows as to why they preferred a bulked-up physique to a more slender, shapely one, and almost everyone replied that it wasn’t hard to stay lean with the food shortage that existed at the time, and that building up was a problem. But they made it clear that no one appreciated a bulked-up, shapeless physique that was ruined in the process of gaining size. They seemed to appreciate the body mass only when it was accompanied by shapely contours and some degree of muscularity.

In this country the bulk craze began back in the 30s when one bodybuilding authority advocated bulking up without regard to waistline size. He theorized that after the desired size was obtained direct specialization upon the hip and waist region would reduce these areas and result in a heavier but shapelier physique. Obviously this theory never succeeded. The fellows who followed this advice of bulking up got heavier around the middle, and when they trained down the size of the waistline, other girths shrank too. This is what some of these fellows are trying to do today: get heavier and then by trimming the hips and waist they hope to keep other measurements large. There must be a lot of disappointed fellows, that’s all I can say!

Once the waistline has been increased far beyond its normal size it requires a lot of work, with some starvation, to get it back to normal. However, if body bulk is kept within the normal potential boundary of the body structure, the result is athletic and not a roly poly mass.

Of course there will always be some who desire to bulk up, and they should if they are underweight. However, never allow the waistline to creep up on your chest measurement. Always try to retain at least 10 to 12 inches differential between the two. Strive towards increasing the chest, shoulder, arm and leg size but always in proportion to each other. In this way you’ll get bulk and be physically impressive with it.

To bulk up the standard movements for different areas of the body will suffice if enough exercise is done to congest the muscles. Avoid overworking them, however. Training programs should be brief but complete. Such exercises as the curl, regular press, squat, chest work, bench press, deadlift, shrug and some abdominal work should be included. The latter, abdominal training, should be done only enough to keep the abdominal area toned up and the inner organs stimulated. However, if the waistline is overly large additional work should be included to reduce it. In fact some abdominal exercise should be done every day until the entire area begins to show improvement.

Always keep your goal in mind but avoid overdoing a good thing. In this way you’ll be pleased with the results instead of being disappointed with the consequences. Which is something to remember – that you want results, not consequences! Doesn’t that make sense?




Enjoy your lifting!

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